據(jù)美國(guó)鉆井網(wǎng)站倫敦報(bào)道，英國(guó)日前公布了英國(guó)新能源安全戰(zhàn)略，這個(gè)戰(zhàn)略將加快風(fēng)能、新核能、太陽(yáng)能和氫氣的部署，同時(shí)支持近期國(guó)內(nèi)石油和天然氣的生產(chǎn)。

英國(guó)這個(gè)新能源安全戰(zhàn)略將見(jiàn)證本國(guó)核能的顯著加速發(fā)展，到2050年前，核能這種安全、清潔、可靠的能源將達(dá)到24吉瓦的目標(biāo)，它屆時(shí)將占英國(guó)預(yù)計(jì)電力需求的25%左右。

為了推進(jìn)得到大量資金支持的新項(xiàng)目，英國(guó)將立即成立一個(gè)新的名為大不列顛核能的政府機(jī)構(gòu)，并將在4月份啟動(dòng)一個(gè)約1.55億美元的未來(lái)核能啟動(dòng)基金。英國(guó)可以提供多達(dá)8個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆，相當(dāng)于一年一個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆，而不是十年一個(gè)，這將加速英國(guó)的核電發(fā)展。  

至于海上風(fēng)能，英國(guó)制定了到2030年前達(dá)到50吉瓦的新目標(biāo)——這足以滿足英國(guó)每個(gè)家庭的用電需求——其中多達(dá)5吉瓦將來(lái)自深海的海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)。 這個(gè)目標(biāo)將需要得到新的規(guī)劃改革的支持，把新的海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電場(chǎng)的審批時(shí)間從4年減少到1年，并進(jìn)行全面的精簡(jiǎn)，這將大大縮短新項(xiàng)目進(jìn)入建設(shè)階段的時(shí)間，同時(shí)改善環(huán)境。

英國(guó)將與為數(shù)不多的支持社區(qū)就發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系進(jìn)行磋商，這些社區(qū)希望擁有新的陸上風(fēng)能基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，以換取較低的能源費(fèi)用保證。

英國(guó)政府還計(jì)劃在今年秋天舉行一輪新北海油氣項(xiàng)目的許可證出售招標(biāo)，成立一個(gè)新的特別小組向新的開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目提供定制的支持，認(rèn)識(shí)這些燃料對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)型和能源安全的的重要性以及在英國(guó)生產(chǎn)碳排放量低于從國(guó)外進(jìn)口的汽油。

英國(guó)政府今年將舉辦一次價(jià)值高達(dá)4000萬(wàn)美元的熱泵投資加速競(jìng)賽，以制造英國(guó)的熱泵，這將減少對(duì)天然氣的需求。

英國(guó)政府將增加英國(guó)現(xiàn)有的14吉瓦太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電能力，到2035年前可能增長(zhǎng)5倍，同時(shí)商討太陽(yáng)能項(xiàng)目的規(guī)則，特別是在國(guó)內(nèi)和商業(yè)屋頂上的太陽(yáng)能項(xiàng)目。

英國(guó)政府說(shuō)，“我們的目標(biāo)是將我們的低碳?xì)錃獾漠a(chǎn)能翻一番，到2030年前達(dá)到10吉瓦的低碳?xì)錃馍a(chǎn)能力，其中至少一半來(lái)自綠色氫氣，并利用過(guò)剩的海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電來(lái)降低成本。 這不僅將為英國(guó)重要的工業(yè)提供更清潔的能源，以擺脫昂貴的化石燃料，而且還可以用于更清潔的電力、交通和潛在的取暖。”

英國(guó)首相說(shuō)：“我們正在制定大膽的計(jì)劃，在未來(lái)10年里擴(kuò)大和加速英國(guó)制造業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)得起的、清潔的、安全的能源——從新的核能到海上風(fēng)能。”

他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“這將減少我們對(duì)那些受到我們無(wú)法控制的國(guó)際價(jià)格波動(dòng)影響的能源的依賴，因此我們可以以更低的價(jià)格享受更大的能源自給自足。”

這個(gè)大膽的計(jì)劃是對(duì)全球能源價(jià)格不斷上漲的反應(yīng)，全球能源價(jià)格上漲的原因是新冠肺炎疫情大流行疫情后的需求激增。

這個(gè)計(jì)劃對(duì)于英國(guó)擺脫昂貴的化石燃料的依賴至關(guān)重要，化石燃料受到國(guó)際市場(chǎng)波動(dòng)的天然氣價(jià)格的影響，并促進(jìn)英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)多樣化的能源來(lái)源，以提高長(zhǎng)期的能源安全。

英國(guó)政府表示，英國(guó)新能源安全戰(zhàn)略將增加英國(guó)的清潔工作崗位數(shù)目，到2028年前將支持9萬(wàn)個(gè)海上風(fēng)能工作崗位，比此前預(yù)期多3萬(wàn)個(gè)，到2028年前將支持1萬(wàn)個(gè)太陽(yáng)能工作崗位，幾乎是之前預(yù)期的兩倍。 到2030年前，英國(guó)氫氣工業(yè)將創(chuàng)造1.2萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位，比之前預(yù)計(jì)的要多3000個(gè)。

總而言之，英國(guó)新能源安全戰(zhàn)略是以約翰遜首相的綠色工業(yè)革命十點(diǎn)計(jì)劃和零戰(zhàn)略為基礎(chǔ)，在2030年結(jié)束前推動(dòng)私營(yíng)部門(mén)前所未有的1300億美元投資英國(guó)新的包括海上風(fēng)電在內(nèi)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，以及支持48萬(wàn)個(gè)新的清潔工作崗位。

他說(shuō)，“我們已經(jīng)看到世界各地的汽油價(jià)格創(chuàng)歷史新高。 我們需要通過(guò)加速向更清潔、更便宜、自產(chǎn)能源的轉(zhuǎn)型來(lái)保護(hù)自己免受未來(lái)價(jià)格飆升的影響。”

他表示，“一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)是，我們?cè)趪?guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的能源越便宜、越清潔，我們就越少受到我們無(wú)法控制的全球市場(chǎng)制定的令人難以忍受的化石燃料價(jià)格的影響。”

英國(guó)商務(wù)和能源部國(guó)務(wù)大臣科瓦滕說(shuō)：“在最大限度地提高北海油氣產(chǎn)量的同時(shí)，擴(kuò)大廉價(jià)的可再生能源和新的核能，是確保英國(guó)未來(lái)幾年能源獨(dú)立的最好也是唯一的方法。”

在短期內(nèi)，英國(guó)政府將為消費(fèi)者提供大約120億美元的一攬子支持，以應(yīng)對(duì)不斷上漲的生活成本。 這包括從4月起減免200美元的家庭稅，并在10月份進(jìn)一步削減260美元的能源賬單，以迅速削減大多數(shù)家庭的能源賬單，同時(shí)能源價(jià)格上限繼續(xù)使數(shù)百萬(wàn)消費(fèi)者免受全球天然氣價(jià)格更高波動(dòng)的影響。

科瓦滕說(shuō)：“增加我們的可再生能源供應(yīng)是我們控制能源價(jià)格的唯一途徑。 我們已經(jīng)在海上風(fēng)能領(lǐng)域處于世界領(lǐng)先地位，但我們還想走得更遠(yuǎn)、更快，讓清潔、廉價(jià)的能源成為常態(tài)。”

“盡管我們不依賴大國(guó)的能源，但加快向可再生能源的轉(zhuǎn)型是我們能做的最好的事情，以此保護(hù)英國(guó)人民并推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。”科瓦滕如是說(shuō)。

在此之前，英國(guó)首相和政府各部門(mén)的部長(zhǎng)們與石油、天然氣、風(fēng)能和核能等主要行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖進(jìn)行了一系列接觸。英國(guó)能源和氣候變化大臣漢斯補(bǔ)充道：“英國(guó)政府將在未來(lái)幾周里繼續(xù)與能源行業(yè)合作，以行業(yè)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的最快速度推動(dòng)這些承諾。” 

李峻 編譯自 美國(guó)油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

New UK Energy Strategy To Allow Greater Energy Independence

The UK has revealed its new British Energy Security Strategy which will accelerate the deployment of wind, new nuclear, solar, and hydrogen while supporting the production of domestic oil and gas in the nearer term.

The strategy will see a significant acceleration of nuclear, with an ambition of up to 24GW by 2050 to come from this safe, clean, and reliable source of power. This would represent up to around 25 percent of the UK’s projected electricity demand.

A new government body, Great British Nuclear, will be set up immediately to bring forward new projects, backed by substantial funding, and will launch around $155 million Future Nuclear Enabling Fund this month. The UK could deliver up to eight reactors, equivalent to one reactor a year instead of one a decade, accelerating nuclear power in Britain.

As for offshore wind, the UK set a new ambition of up to 50GW by 2030 – more than enough to power every home in the UK – of which up to 5GW would be from floating offshore wind in deeper seas. This will be underpinned by new planning reforms to cut the approval times for new offshore wind farms from 4 years to 1 year and an overall streamlining which will radically reduce the time it takes for new projects to reach construction stages while improving the environment.

The UK will be consulting on developing partnerships with a limited number of supportive communities who wish to host new onshore wind infrastructure in return for guaranteed lower energy bills.

The government is also planning a licensing round for new North Sea oil and gas projects in Autumn, with a new task force providing bespoke support to new developments – recognizing the importance of these fuels to the transition and energy security, and that producing gas in the UK has a lower carbon footprint than imported from abroad.

A Heat Pump Investment Accelerator Competition will be run in 2022 worth up to $40 million to make British heat pumps, which will reduce demand for gas.

UK will increase the UK’s current 14GW of solar capacity which could grow up to 5 times by 2035, consulting on the rules for solar projects, particularly on domestic and commercial rooftops.

“We will aim to double our ambition to up to 10GW of low carbon hydrogen production capacity by 2030, with at least half coming from green hydrogen and utilizing excess offshore wind power to bring down costs. This will not only provide cleaner energy for vital British industries to move away from expensive fossil fuels but could also be used for cleaner power, transport and potentially heat,” the UK Government said

“We’re setting out bold plans to scale up and accelerate affordable, clean, and secure energy made in Britain, for Britain – from new nuclear to offshore wind – in the decade ahead,” UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, said.

“This will reduce our dependence on power sources exposed to volatile international prices we cannot control, so we can enjoy greater energy self-sufficiency with cheaper bills,” he added.

However, on social media, he was a bit more braggadocios and said: “For years, governments have dodged the big decisions on energy, but not this one.”

This plan is a reaction to rising global energy prices, provoked by surging demand after the pandemic.

This will be central to weaning Britain off expensive fossil fuels, which are subject to volatile gas prices set by international markets, and boosting the country’s diverse sources of homegrown energy for greater energy security in the long term.

The Government stated that the British Energy Security Strategy will increase the number of clean jobs in the UK by supporting 90,000 jobs in offshore wind by 2028 – 30,000 more than previously expected, 10,000 jobs in solar power by 2028 – almost double previous expectations, and 12,000 jobs in the UK hydrogen industry by 2030 – 3,000 more than previously expected.

In total, the British Energy Security Strategy builds on Johnson’s Ten Point Plan for a Green Industrial Revolution, and, together with the Net Zero Strategy, is driving an unprecedented $130 billion of private sector investment into new British industries including Offshore Wind and supporting 480,000 new clean jobs by the end of the decade.

“We have seen record-high gas prices around the world. We need to protect ourselves from price spikes in the future by accelerating our move towards cleaner, cheaper, home-grown energy.

“The simple truth is that the more cheap, clean power we generate within our borders, the less exposed we will be to eye-watering fossil fuel prices set by global markets we can’t control.

“Scaling up cheap renewables and new nuclear, while maximizing North Sea production, is the best and only way to ensure our energy independence over the coming years,” Business and Energy Secretary, Kwasi Kwarteng, said.

In the immediate term, the UK government is providing around a $12 billion package of support for consumers to manage the rising cost of living. This includes a $200 council tax rebate from April and a further $260 energy bill reduction in October to cut energy bills quickly for most households, while the energy price cap continues to insulate millions of customers from even higher volatile global gas prices.

“Boosting our renewable energy supply is the only way for us to take control of energy prices. We are already a world leader in offshore wind, but we want to go further and faster so that clean, cheap energy becomes the norm.

“Although we don’t rely on energy, accelerating our transition to renewable energy is the best thing we can do to protect the British people and to drive economic growth.

“The strategy follows a series of engagements by the Prime Minister and ministers across government with key industry leaders, including from the oil and gas, wind, and nuclear sectors. The government continues to work with industry in the coming weeks to drive forward these commitments as fast as the industry can deliver,” UK Energy and Climate Change Minister Greg Hands added.