據(jù)阿拉伯貿(mào)易網(wǎng)站3月9日消息稱，根據(jù)國際能源署的最新分析，隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)從疫情中復(fù)蘇，并嚴(yán)重依賴煤炭為增長提供動力，全球能源相關(guān)的二氧化碳(CO2)排放量在2021年上升了6%，至363億噸，創(chuàng)下歷史最高水平。

國際能源署的分析顯示，全球二氧化碳排放量增加了20多億噸，以絕對值計算是歷史上最大的，超過了前一年大流行導(dǎo)致的下降。

2021年，惡劣的天氣和能源市場條件(尤其是天然氣價格的飆升)加劇了能源需求的復(fù)蘇，盡管可再生能源發(fā)電實現(xiàn)了有史以來最大的增長，但這導(dǎo)致了更多的煤炭燃燒。

全球二氧化碳排放量和能源需求數(shù)據(jù)基于 IEA對各個地區(qū)和燃料的詳細(xì)分析得出的，這些分析依據(jù)的是最新的國家官方數(shù)據(jù)以及公開的能源、經(jīng)濟(jì)和天氣數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)合IEA上月發(fā)布的甲烷排放估計，以及一氧化二氮和燃除相關(guān)的二氧化碳排放估計，新的分析表明，能源領(lǐng)域的總體溫室氣體排放在2021年上升到有史以來的最高水平。

2021年，煤炭占全球二氧化碳排放總量增長的40%以上，達(dá)到153億噸的歷史最高水平。天然氣的二氧化碳排放量反彈至75億噸，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于2019年的水平。由于 2021 年全球運輸活動（主要是航空業(yè)）的復(fù)蘇有限，石油產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳排放量為 107 億噸，遠(yuǎn)低于大流行前的水平。

盡管煤炭使用量出現(xiàn)反彈，但2021年可再生能源和核能在全球發(fā)電中所占份額高于煤炭。基于可再生能源的發(fā)電量達(dá)到了歷史新高，2021年超過了8000太瓦時(TWh)，比2020年的水平高出了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的500太瓦時。風(fēng)能和太陽能光伏發(fā)電量分別增加了270太瓦時和170太瓦時，而水力發(fā)電由于干旱的影響而下降，尤其是在美國和巴西。

由于天然氣價格創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄高位，2021年煤炭發(fā)電的使用量有所增加。在2021年的大部分時間里，美國和許多歐洲電力系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)有燃煤電廠的運營成本大大低于天然氣電廠。天然氣轉(zhuǎn)煤炭使全球發(fā)電的二氧化碳排放量增加了1億噸以上，尤其是在美國和歐洲，天然氣和煤炭發(fā)電廠之間的競爭最為激烈。

曹海斌 摘譯自 阿拉伯貿(mào)易

原文如下：

Global CO2 emissions rebound to all-time high in 2021: IEA

Global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions rose by 6% in 2021 to 36.3 billion tonnes, their highest ever level, as the world economy rebounded from the pandemic and relied heavily on coal to power that growth, according to new IEA analysis.

The increase in global CO2 emissions of over 2 billion tonnes was the largest in history in absolute terms, more than offsetting the previous year’s pandemic-induced decline, the IEA analysis shows.

The recovery of energy demand in 2021 was compounded by adverse weather and energy market conditions – notably the spikes in natural gas prices – which led to more coal being burned despite renewable power generation registering its largest ever growth. 

The global CO2 emissions and energy demand numbers are based on the IEA’s detailed region-by-region and fuel-by-fuel analysis, drawing on the latest official national data and publicly available energy, economic and weather data. Combined with the methane emissions estimates that the IEA published last month and estimates of nitrous oxide and flaring-related CO2 emissions, the new analysis shows that overall greenhouse gas emissions from energy rose to their highest ever level in 2021.

Coal accounted for over 40% of the overall growth in global CO2 emissions in 2021, reaching an all-time high of 15.3 billion tonnes. CO2 emissions from natural gas rebounded well above their 2019 levels to 7.5 billion tonnes. At 10.7 billion tonnes, CO2 emissions from oil remained significantly below pre-pandemic levels because of the limited recovery in global transport activity in 2021, mainly in the aviation sector.

Despite the rebound in coal use, renewable energy sources and nuclear power provided a higher share of global electricity generation than coal in 2021. Renewables-based generation reached an all-time high, exceeding 8 000 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2021, a record 500 TWh above its 2020 level. Output from wind and solar PV increased by 270 TWh and 170 TWh, respectively, while hydro generation declined due to the impacts of drought, notably in the United States and Brazil.

The use of coal for electricity generation in 2021 was intensified by record high natural gas prices. The costs of operating existing coal power plants across the US and many European power systems were considerably lower than those of gas power plants for the majority of 2021. Gas-to-coal switching pushed up global CO2 emissions from electricity generation by well over 100 million tonnes, notably in the US and Europe where competition between gas and coal power plants is tightest.